Hardy's subtitle, 'A Sketch of a Temperament,' signals that this novel is less a conventional love story than a study of a single, obsessive pattern of desire. The protagonist, Jocelyn Pierston, is a sculptor who repeatedly falls in love with a woman he calls the 'Well-Beloved'—an idealized figure that he believes migrates from one female body to another. The narrative is divided into three parts, each corresponding to a decade of Pierston's life: his twenties, forties, and sixties. The setting is the Isle of Portland, a 'peninsula carved by Time out of a single stone,' whose isolated, sea-girt character Hardy presents as conducive to 'fancies' and 'singular customs.' The novel's structure, with its repeated incarnations of the beloved, mirrors Pierston's own artistic practice of seeking an eternal form through transient materials.

The Sculptor's Temperament

Pierston's profession as a sculptor is not incidental; it is the lens through which he perceives the world. He treats living women as raw material for his ideal, a habit that the novel presents as both artistic and destructive. In one passage, he reflects that he is 'powerless in the grasp of the idealizing passion,' and that he cares more for Avice's 'finger-tips than for Mrs. Pine-Avon's whole personality.' This reduction of a person to a part—a finger-tip, a glance—reveals the fragmenting effect of his aesthetic obsession. Hardy does not condemn Pierston outright, but the narrative accumulates evidence of the cost: the women he pursues are left bewildered or hurt, and Pierston himself remains perpetually unsatisfied. The novel's subtitle, 'A Sketch of a Temperament,' suggests that this is a case study, not a romance.

Three Generations, One Pattern

The plot hinges on Pierston's attraction to three women, all named Avice Caro, who are grandmother, mother, and daughter. This tripartite structure is announced in the table of contents: 'A Young Man of Twenty,' 'A Young Man of Forty,' 'A Young Man of Sixty.' The repetition of the name 'Avice' and the island setting create a sense of cyclical return, as if Pierston is doomed to repeat the same mistake at each stage of life. Yet the excerpts show that the women are distinct individuals: the first Avice is a 'coquettish Sunday frock' wearer with 'cock's feathers' in her hat; the second, Mrs. Pine-Avon, is a 'kind, proud woman' who drives a landau; the third appears only as a 'pretty little cottage-girl.' Pierston's inability to see them as separate from his ideal is the central irony of the novel.

Island and Idolatry

Hardy's preface emphasizes the peculiarity of Portland, its 'curious and well-nigh distinct people' and 'strange beliefs.' The island functions as a kind of laboratory for Pierston's temperament, a place where 'fancies' thrive 'by the sea in the roughest of weather.' The novel draws a parallel between Pierston's artistic devotion and pagan idolatry: he is compared to Demetrius of Ephesus, a silversmith who made shrines for Artemis. The text speculates that 'Divine punishment for his idolatries had come.' This religious language—'incarnation,' 'ghost,' 'resurrection'—pervades the narrative, suggesting that Pierston's pursuit of the Well-Beloved is a secular heresy, a worship of the ideal at the expense of the real. The island's geography, with its ancient temple foundations now supporting a church, literalizes this tension between pagan and Christian worldviews.

Readers should attend to the novel's careful modulation of tone: it is neither a straightforward romance nor a satire, but a coolly ironic study of a man who mistakes his own artistic projections for love. Hardy's prose is precise and often wry, and the island setting is rendered with geological specificity. The three-part structure invites comparison between the stages of Pierston's life, but the excerpts suggest that the pattern, not the progression, is the point. This is a novel about the shape of a desire, not its fulfillment.