theme, and have drawn largely on their imagination for their statements. Attention was called to this condition of things by the Congregation of the Society which elected Father Martin to the post of General of the Jesuits in 1892. As a result he appointed a corps of distinguished writers to co-operate in the production of a universal history of the Society, which was to be colossal in size, based on the most authentic documents, and in line with the latest and most exacting requirements of recent scientific historiography. On the completion of the various parts, they are to be co-ordinated and then translated into several languages, so as to supply material for minor histories within the reach of the general public. Such a scheme necessarily supposes a very considerable time before the completion of the entire work, and, as matter of fact, although several volumes have already appeared in English, French, German, Spanish and Italian, the authors are still discussing events that occurred two centuries ago. Happily their researches have thrown much light on the early history of the Order; an immense number of _documents inédits_, published by Carayon and others, have given us a more intimate knowledge of the intermediate period; many biographies have been written, and the huge volume of the "Liber sæcularis" by Albers brings the record down to our own days. Thus, though much valuable information has already been made available for the general reader the great collaborative work is far from completion. Hence the present history of the Jesuits. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I ORIGIN PAGE The Name--Opprobrious meanings--Caricatures of the Founder--Purpose of the Order--Early life of Ignatius-- Pampeluna--Conversion--Manresa--The Exercises--Authorship --Journey to Palestine--The Universities--Life in Paris-- First Companions--Montmartre First Vows--Assembly at Venice. Failure to reach Palestine--First Journey to Rome --Ordination to the Priesthood--Labors in Italy--Submits the Constitutions for Papal Approval--Guidiccioni's opposition--Issue of the Bull _Regimini_--Sketch of the Institute--Crypto-Jesuits 1-35 CHAPTER II INITIAL ACTIVITIES Portugal, Spain, France, Germany, Italy--Election of Ignatius--Jesuits in Ireland--"The Scotch Doctor"--Faber and Melanchthon--Le Jay--Bobadilla--Council of Trent-- Laínez, Salmerón, Canisius--The Catechism--Opposition in Spain--Cano--Pius V--First Missions to America--The French Parliaments--Postel--Foundation of the Collegium Germanicum at Rome--Similar Establishments in Germany-- Clermont and other Colleges in France--Colloque de Poissy. 36-71 CHAPTER III ENDS OF THE EARTH Xavier departs for the East--Goa--Around Hindostan-- Malacca--The Moluccas--Return to Goa--The Valiant Belgian--Troubles in Goa--Enters Japan--Returns to Goa-- Starts for China--Dies off the Coast--Remains brought to Goa--Africa--Congo, Angola, Caffreria, Abyssinia-- Brazil, Nobrega, Anchieta, Azevedo--Failure of Rodriguez in Portugal 72-95 CHAPTER IV CONSPICUOUS PERSONAGES Ignatius--Laínez--Borgia--Bellarmine--Toletus--Lessius-- Maldonado--Suárez--Lugo--Valencia--Petavius--Warsewicz-- Nicolai--Possevin--Vieira--Mercurian 96-133 CHAPTER V THE ENGLISH MISSION Conditions after Henry VIII--Allen--Persons--Campion-- Entrance into England--Kingsley's Caricature--Thomas Pounde--Stephens--Capture and death of Campion--Other Martyrs--Southwell, Walpole--Jesuits in Ireland and Scotland--The English Succession--Dissensions--The Archpriest Blackwell--The Appellants--The Bye-Plot-- Accession of James I--The Gunpowder Plot--Garnet, Gerard 134-165 CHAPTER VI JAPAN 1555-1645 After Xavier's time--Torres and Fernandes--Civandono-- Nunhes and Pinto--The King of Hirando--First Persecution --Gago and Vilela--Almeida--Uprising against the Emperor --Justus Ucondono and Nobunaga--Valignani--Founding of Nangasaki--Fervor and Fidelity of the Converts--Embassy to Europe--Journey through Portugal, Spain and Italy-- Reception by Gregory XIII and Sixtus V--Return to Japan --The Great Persecutions by Taicosama, Daifusama, Shogun I and Shogun II--Spinola and other Martyrs--Arrival of Franciscans and Dominicans--Popular eagerness for death --Mastrilli--Attempts to establish a Hierarchy--Closing the Ports--Discovery of the Christians. 166-196 CHAPTER VII THE GREAT STORMS 1580-1597 Manares suspected of ambition--Election of Aquaviva-- Beginning of Spanish discontent--Dionisio Vásquez--The "Ratio Studiorum"--Society's action against Confessors of Kings and Political Embassies--Trouble with the Spanish Inquisition and Philip II--Attempts at a Spanish Schism--The Ormanetto papers--Ribadeneira suspected-- Imprisonment of Jesuits by the Spanish Inquisition-- Action of Toletus--Extraordinary Congregation called-- Exculpation of Aquaviva--The dispute "de Auxiliis"-- Antoine Arnauld's attack--Henry IV and Jean...